Historical Cost and Fair Value - 1733 Words

Abstract This paper is written for the accounting theory course as a course project. This paper discusses the differences between the historical cost accounting approach and the fair value accounting approach. The discussion will focus on the debate on using which accounting approach. We begin by stating the definitions of both concepts and discussing them thoroughly, then we state the main advantages of the two approaches followed by comparison between them. The last section of this paper discusses the disadvantages of each approach, including the main criticism points against them. In the end, we draw a conclusion on the best approach to be used in the Accounting profession based on the previous discussion. Introduction†¦show more content†¦When fair values are estimated using unadjusted or adjusted market prices, they are referred to as mark-to-market values. If market prices for the same or similar positions are not available, then firms must estimate fair values using valuation models. FAS 157 generally requires these models to be applied using observable market inputs (such as interest rates and yield curves that are observable at commonly quoted intervals) when they are available and unobservable firm-supplied inputs (such as expected cash flows developed using the firm’s own data) otherwise. When fair values are estimated using valuation models, they are referred to as mark-to-model values. Advantages of Historical Cost Supporters of Historical Cost Accounting argue that this method has several advantages that make it popular. Some advantages are discussed below. * Historical cost is based on actual, not merely possible, transactions. It is the acquisition price of the assets. The managers only have to record all the assets and liabilities at their acquisition price. Hence they are measured and reported objectively. Historical cost is therefore basically verifiable. Thus, this minimizes the risk of manipulation of figures by the managers. * Historical cost has survived the test of time. Most users of accounting data believe that accounting income is useful and that it constitutes a determinant of the practices and thought patterns of decision makers. * Historical cost is an easierShow MoreRelatedHistorical Cost vs. Fair Value695 Words   |  3 Pagesuseful to investors, creditors and others in making rational economic decisions. One accounting issue that has been debated on a lot is the historical cost method versus the fair value measurement. The historical cost method has been the basis of GAAP accounting for the past decade but has slowly been disappearing. Today it is starting to be replaced by the fair value method of accounting. When choosing a valuation method, it seems that there is a tradeoff between the two fundamental qualities of accountingRead MoreFair Value And Historical Cost Controversy2400 Words   |  10 PagesFair Value versus Historical Cost Controversy Over the past several years, there has been a growing controversy over the accounting issues of fair values and historical cost. The basis of this controversy revolves around which one of these principles is the most accurate. There are many different viewpoints on this issue. Many accounting professionals believe that fair value is just as accurate as the historical cost principle, while others believe that the historical cost is more reliable. TheRead MoreFair Value vs. Historical Cost Accounting1188 Words   |  5 PagesDifference between historical cost and fair value accounting In order to make the most profitable and rational decisions entity’s stakeholders have to evaluate organisation’s financial statements. Today’s world of rapidly changing prices has made it difficult to estimate what something is actually worth. Thus leading to debates at what price – historical costing price or market value – assets and liabilities should be reported. Therefore, before making any evaluations about reported transactionsRead MoreComparative Analysis Of Fair Value And Historical Cost Accounting On Reported Profit1659 Words   |  7 PagesTitle: Comparative Analysis Of Fair Value And Historical Cost Accounting On Reported Profit: A Study Of Selected Manufacturing Companies In Nigeria. (BESSONG, 2012) Study the importance of historical value and fair value cost accounting on reported profit. The study discussed how fair value accounting and historical cost accounting will have effect on the reported profit. However it is said that key objective of any business is to earn profit and it is also equally important to report the profitRead MoreThe principle of historical cost is still used in accounting when there is a large measure of agreement that it is inappropriate. Discuss.1226 Words   |  5 PagesSynopsis. Historical Cost Accounting is a traditional valuation method as it reflects only on the past cost of the asset, however in the contemporary business environment companies must remain flexible and transparent. This belief has lead to the creation of several other valuation methods, due to word constraints I have focused primarily on Fair Value Accounting as an alternative to Historical Cost Accounting. Although Fair value accounting is a theoretically superior valuation methodology, thereRead MoreAdvance Issues In Accounting1743 Words   |  7 Pagesi.e. historical costs based on the measurement of assets and liabilities at purchase price /costs which is incurred at the moment of the purchase, and the fair value measurement method which is based on market prices. The basis of accounting measurement is considered to be undertaken in the following methods: †¢ Historical Cost †¢ Fair Value †¢ Realisable value †¢ Value in use †¢ Current Cost All the above measurement bases forms the part of accrual accounting. It is measured when the cost is incurredRead MoreThe Impact Of Fair Value Accounting On Real Estate Companies1497 Words   |  6 PagesTHE INFLUENCE OF FAIR VALUE ACCOUNTING ON REAL ESTATE COMPANIES : BASED ON HONG KONG LISTED COMPANIES (PROPOSAL) BY ZHANG MUDI DEBBIE 12250511 ACCOUNTING CONCENTRATION GAO JIAYI CINDY 12250295 ACCOUNTING CONCENTRATION An Honours Degree Project Submitted to the School of Business in Partial Fulfillment of the Graduation Requirement for the Degree of Bachelor of Business Administration (Honours) Hong Kong Baptist University Hong Kong January 2016 Table of Content Read MoreThe Impact Of Fair Value On Financial Reporting Essay1529 Words   |  7 Pagestoday’s time in the world of accounting is fair value. However, one common point of confusion is the scale of businesses affected by fair value, and when fair value came onto the scene. According to Robert Herz and Linda MacDonald â€Å"...the use of fair value in financial reporting is not new. In fact, it has been in place for decades, principally for financial assets. But even then, fair value is not required for all assets.† (2008) The idea of using fair value measurements goes back at least to the 1930’sRead MoreAccounting Theory 41063 Words   |  5 PagesFair value or false accounting 1. How are assets and liabilities measured under IAS 39? Answer: According to IAS 39, Financial Instruments: Recognition and Measurement, financial instrument are to be stated at their ‘fair value’- defined as ‘the amount for which an asset could be exchanged, or a liability settled, between knowledgeable, willing parties in an arm’s length transaction’. ‘If the market for a financial instrument is not active, an entity establishes a fair valueRead MoreAccounting Treatment Adopted By The Elements Of The Financial Statement Influences Accounting Information Produced Essay1669 Words   |  7 Pagesfinancial report, particularly the use of mixed measurement methods that involving historical cost and fair value model. This report evaluates the choice to use single measurement type or mixed measurement method by discussing the strengths and drawbacks based on prior studies. Furthermore, this report gives highlights of the impacts of fair value in the financial institution. Keywords: Measurement, Fair Value, Historical Cost Introduction Purpose. The objective of this report is responding to a recently

Gustav Vassa the Book Free Essays

string(63) " that to list them all would be â€Å"tedious and disgusting\." Gustav Vassa Plot Summary Gustavus Vassas was born Olaudah Equiano in the African province called Essaka in 1745. He was the youngest son of seven surviving children and was very close to his mother. He describes a happy childhood during which he learned – as all his people did – to work hard. We will write a custom essay sample on Gustav Vassa the Book or any similar topic only for you Order Now He is kidnapped and taken as a slave while still very young and soon finds that he has a talent for the sea and for trading. By being very frugal, he is able to save enough to buy his freedom after only a few years, though his master initially refuses to honor their agreement for the sale. He does gain his freedom and soon returns to the sea, seeing there a greater opportunity for financial gain than any other he can find. He spends his time also in pursuit of an acceptable religious affiliation and eventually finds himself ready to become a missionary. Gustavus Vassa Summary and Analysis Gustavus Vassas was born Olaudah Equiano in the African province called Essaka in 1745. He was the youngest son of seven surviving children and was very close to his mother. He describes a happy childhood during which he learned – as all his people did – to work hard. He recalls little of any true religion though he describes briefly some ceremonies in which dancing and feasting were important. He write that his people were circumcised, one of many similarities to the Jewish religion. Chapter three begins when, at age eleven, Gustavus and his sister are alone at their house while the adults worked at their agricultural pursuits. While alone, they are kidnapped by slavers. They are soon separated and Gustavus is sold to several masters for various reasons over the next six or seven months. He encounters his sister briefly during that time but notes that she was soon taken away and he never saw her again. At the end of those months, Gustavus was taken to the coast where he is put aboard a slave ship. He promptly faints. When he wakes, he asks if the strange looking people aboard are going to eat him and is reassured that he won’t be eaten. He remains on that ship for several days until a new ship arrives. He says that the whites aboard were happy to see the other ship and those who, like Gustavus, had never seen a ship in motion under the power of sails were convinced it was magic. In chapter three, Gustavus is first taken to Barbados where he is among the few who aren’t sold. He is then sold to a plantation owner in Virginia but stays only a short period of time before being bought by a man named Michael Henry Pascal who intends him as a gift. At that time, Gustavus is called Jacob but Pascal refuses to call him such and renames him Gustavus. On the voyage to England aboard Pascal’s trading ship, Gustavus meets a young educated white boy named Richard Baker who sees past the slavery issue and becomes friends with Gustavus – a situation that lasts until Richard’s death. Gustavus spends about two years in England, mostly traveling by ship with his master. He talks of the kindness of the people – especially two women named Guerin – who care for him at various times while his master is away. In chapter four, Gustavus talks about his emerging self-confidence and his waning fears. In 1759, Gustavus has learned about Heaven and requests baptism. In February, he is baptized at St. Margaret’s Church in Westminster. Over the coming months, Gustavus is involved in many battles as the French and English clash. Eventually, Gustavus’s master is released from his service and plans to return to private business. Gustavus has now met a man named Daniel Queen who has taught Gustavus many things. Gustavus regards him as a father figure and often spends his meager earnings on sugar or tobacco for Daniel. Gustavus plans to go into business with Daniel as soon as he is released from his military service but his master refuses to release Gustavus and instead sells him to another ship’s captain, James Doran. Several of Gustavus’s former shipmates vow to redeem him as soon as they are paid but he is, in the meantime, at Doran’s mercy. As chapter five begins, Gustavus writes that his current situation is a punishment for having said he planned to spend an entire day in London on â€Å"rambling and sport. He is initially forlorn but comes to believe that God gives suffering of this kind for a reason. In the West Indies, Gustavus learns that Doran has sold him to a Quaker named Robert King who says Gustavus will learn to be a clerk. Gustavus learns to handle almost all aspects of his master’s businesses which include shipping. King is kind and Gustavus kno ws that several other plantation owners make offers for Gustavus. When King turns them down, Gustavus always works harder and thanks God for putting him in this place. Gustavus describes the cruel treatment of most slaves and says that he was once threatened by a man who says he will shoot Gustavus and then pay for him. Gustavus offers up the typical arguments in favor of slavery saying that men who say they believe these arguments are fooling themselves. He also points out that those with kind masters and plenty of food work harder and live longer than those who are mistreated, and that those with cruelty as a daily part of life are more likely to simply give up and kill themselves. Gustavus points out that the slave trade is a study in avarice, and that slavers lie and cheat the slaves. He says that if slaves were treated â€Å"as men† they would be â€Å"faithful, honest, intelligent and vigorous. † As chapter six begins, Gustavus says that he could list many more instances of cruelty, but that to list them all would be â€Å"tedious and disgusting. You read "Gustav Vassa the Book" in category "Papers" † He is soon given the opportunity to become a sailor on one of his master’s vessels and chooses to do so, trading a little to make some profit for himself. He notes that he is anxious to earn money and that escape and freedom is, of course, the ultimate goal though he wants it to be by honest means. Gustavus prepares to go to Philadelphia with the captain. Gustavus’s master hears a rumor that he is going to try to run away once they reach American but Gustavus points out that he’s had opportunities and hasn’t done so. His master sees the wisdom of the words, provides Gustavus credit for some goods to sell on his own in an effort to earn money and promises that he can buy his freedom if he earns forty pounds sterling money. He goes on the voyage to America though he is ill treated by the whites who would buy his items for sale. In Savannah, Georgia, he is beaten by a white overseer and left for dead but the captain finds him and with the help of a capable doctor, Gustavus recovers. In chapter seven, Gustavus earns enough money to buy his freedom. His master is initially upset, saying that he hasn’t expected Gustavus to earn the money so quickly; but the captain intercedes and Gustavus is freed in return for forty pounds. Gustavus agrees to another voyage as a freed man for a wage and wants to buy bullocks to take back with him for sale but the captain refuses and insists that Gustavus buy turkeys instead. He does so against his wishes and the bullocks all die on the crossing though his turkeys survive. The captain takes ill on the voyage and also dies and Gustavus safely takes the ship to port. He’s offered the captain’s position but refuses though he agrees to yet another voyage under the new captain, William Phillips, who runs the ship aground. They are stranded on an island for days and then find themselves at the mercy of a crew who picks them up. Phillips sells some of the slaves that had been cargo on the ship and buys passage to Georgia with plans to sell the rest, parting here from Gustavus. It’s in Georgia that Gustavus reluctantly agrees to perform a burial ceremony for a child and he notes that it’s the first time he serves as parson. In chapter nine, Gustavus begins working his way toward his goal of reaching London. There, he encounters the Guerins and Pascal and notes that Pascal seems indifferent of the way he treated Gustavus even after being confronted about it. Gustavus begins learning hairdressing as a means of supporting himself and begins studying the French horn and arithmetic. He soon learns that he can earn very little money in this way and decides to go to sea again, this time with a desire to see Turkey. He hires on as a hairdresser with John Jolly on a ship called the Delaware. He remains with that ship and captain until 1771, seeing and being enchanted with Turkey but declining the offer there of two wives and eventually parting ways to join Captain William Robertson on the ship Grenada Planter and then on the Jamaica under Captain David Watt. He later ends up on the North Pole, trapped for a period of time by ice. As chapter ten begins, Gustavus continues his travels, going to Turkey for awhile, then London again and then to Spain. In chapter eleven, he is appalled by the bull baiting and eventually returns to Plymouth. In chapter twelve, Gustavus spends more time with the Quakers and is impressed by their actions and their church activities. He wants to become a missionary and says that the rest of his life is to be spent with an eye toward assisting â€Å"the cause of my much injured countrymen. † —- Gustavus’s story begins with descriptions of his own people. He notes that they possess slaves that are usually captured in battle or are people among his own tribe who broke specific laws. However, he writes that those slaves are not treated badly. They are required to work, but their masters work just as hard. The slaves are typically given their own house to live in and the only difference appears to be that those people are not free to leave. He doesn’t go into this discussion to any great depth. Though Gustavus couldn’t have known the horrors that awaited him aboard the slave ship, he notes that he is immediately afraid. He mentions a fear that he’ll be eaten, but doesn’t explain. It seems likely that his people were among those who commonly told their children that kidnappers were frequently cannibals. In any case, Gustavus writes that, had he had entire worlds of his own at that moment, he would have traded them all for the chance to swap places with the lowest slave in his country. Gustavus talks at length about the fact that his people believed in cleanliness and that they were circumcised, and that many of the rituals seem to indicate that the Jewish and the African tribes of that region were related. He quotes a writer who believes that to be true and says the writer indicates that climate is the reason for the dark-skinned appearance of the Africans compared to the traditional light-skinned appearance of the Jews. Gustavus also points out that men with higher degrees of education have discussed the matter and that he isn’t the person to answer the question definitively. As Gustavus writes about his early travels, he seems to flit from one incident to another. He relates the story of a man who got something in his eye and then lost the eye. He talks of being hospitalized for chilblains and small pox. He also mentions a man who saved him from being flogged for fighting with a â€Å"gentleman,† but does not go into any additional details. Gustavus seems to expect that his master is going to simply release him once the military stint is over and goes so far as to make plans for his future. He admits to being heartbroken upon the completion of his sale to a new master. It’s interesting that Gustavus, having encountered so many kind and generous people at this point, has ceased to believe himself a slave. He points out that he’s served his master well for many years and has earned nothing for it, and seems to expect that to be sufficient. He has become somewhat educated and expects a slave owner to have a moral responsibility to allow him to leave when he wants. At one point, Gustavus is enamored with a tribe of the Mosquito Coast. He talks at length about their customs, including that they love the color red and that they enjoy their ceremonies. Gustavus seems to enjoy the actions of the people. He also talks of the fact that they seem similar to his own family of his childhood. Important People Gustavus Vassa Born Olaudah Equiano and sometimes called â€Å"The African,† he was born in the African province of Essaka is 1745. Gustavus says that he’d been given another name in the early days of his slavery and had initially refused to answer to the name â€Å"Gustavus,† but eventually gave in. He is an intelligent man and adept at trading. His services are coveted because he is so capable and hardworking. When he’s purchased by a master who has land and shipping ventures, Gustavus wants desperately to go to sea. He’s learned much about shipping and knows that he has the potential to make enough money there to buy his freedom. He accomplishes saving that money in a matter of only a few years, though there are some pitfalls along the way. When he then asks his owner to release him, the owner initially refuses but is convinced by an employee – a ship’s captain – who has taken a liking to Gustavus and prevails on the man’s sense of fair play. Gustavus loves to learn and devotes as much of his time as possible to learning a variety of things ranging from the Bible to the French horn. He says that he hates to be idle and will take on some new endeavor rather than spend evenings with nothing to occupy his hands and mind. He comes to love London and Turkey as his two favorite destinations among all those he visits. Gustavus finds an array of friends during his travels and learns from many of them. He seems often overly trusting and occasionally finds himself in trouble when he trusts someone to make good on a promise, especially with regard to money. He says that there are those who defend slavery and that they are delusional in their arguments. Gustavus eventually applies to become a missionary. Themes The Desire for Freedom The desire for freedom is an overriding theme and the slaves who wrote these stories are each determined to find freedom, regardless of the cost. This can be seen clearly in the fact that slaves are brutally beaten if caught in a runaway attempt, yet many continue to take the chance. One of the best examples of this desire for freedom is seen in Harriet Jacobs’ brother, William. William has been purchased by Harriett’s lover and the father of her children, Mr. Sands. Mr. Sands is subsequently elected to Congress and takes William along with him. William has the opportunity to travel through many states and to see many things, and it’s noted that Mr. Sands is not a cruel master. Despite the fact that William is treated well with enough to eat and has the promise of eventual freedom, he seizes an opportunity to run away. In his case, there’s little cause for worry about reprisal because Mr. Sands isn’t cruel and isn’t likely to track him down. By contrast, Harriett’s Uncle Benjamin runs away, is captured and brought back where he is treated severely, and still runs away again. In the case of Gustavus, he had a master who was willing to allow him time at sea where he was able to make money on his own, but spent a great deal of money to buy his freedom. This willingness to work for many years at jobs in addition to their regular tasks is another common theme in the quest for freedom and those who achieve that freedom are often then working to â€Å"buy† their family. Style Perspective Each of the stories is written in first person from the perspective of the author. It should be noted that three of these have two different names. For example, Gustavus Vassa was named Obaudah Equiano at birth and was later named Gustavus Vassa by a master. Because Gustavus used that name more frequently than the name given to him by his parents, he is referred to as Gustavus throughout the story. Fredrick Douglass is a well-known name, though he was born Fredrick Augustus Washington Bailey. He took the name Douglass upon his arrival in the free states of the north, though he insisted on retaining his first name as some link to his true identity. For the sake of familiarity, he is referred to throughout this text as Fredrick Douglass. The same is true in the case of Harriett Jacobs who is writing as Linda Benton, and this author is referred to as Harriett Jacobs throughout the text. It should be noted that Jacobs admits at the beginning of the story to having changed the names of some of the people in her book. In fact, research shows that she changed many of the names and it therefore seems appropriate that she would have changed her own name for the purposes of the story. Writing in first person seems the only possible option available to each of these authors because the stories are presented as factual events in the lives of each. Tone The story is written in a straight-forward manner but it should be noted that there are some graphic scenes that may be offensive to some readers. They are, however, a part of the history of these people and it seems appropriate that they should be presented. For example, Gustavus Vassa describes the cruelties visited on the slaves of the Jamaican Islands. Those people were routinely beaten but the tortures often took the form of tying them in impossible positions where they were at the mercy of elements and creatures. In the case of each, the stories of separations of family members are a common theme and will likely touch the reader. It’s interesting to note that all three of these use words that may not commonly be associated with people of little formal education. In most parts, the meanings of words are easily discerned but it should not be assumed that the level of writing is that of an uneducated person. Of the four stories, the messages of all are aptly conveyed but it seems that Harriett Jacobs’ story has a more personal slant, possibly because her story is of a more personal nature and involves her family and friends on a deeper level whereas the others, especially Gustavus Vassa, tells more of his travels and how other people treated him. The tone is often hopeless and a sensitive reader may find himself feeling pity for those involved. How to cite Gustav Vassa the Book, Papers

The Story Behind The Beatles Essay Research free essay sample

The Story Behind The Beatles Essay, Research Paper THE INTERESTING STORY BEHIND THE WORLD # 8217 ; S LEADING POP BAND The debut of dad manner into the music industry in the nineteen-fifties and 1960ss has had a definite consequence on the universe. Pop brought stone # 8217 ; nroll music into being ; it gave those listening to it a sense of non-conformity and freedom. It put parents on the border of their seats with concern, adolescents on the border of their seats desiring more. Most of import were the sets that brought about the development of pop civilization. One of these sets was the Beatles. The Beatles were possibly the greatest dad set of all time, and it is a really interesting narrative how they came to be so. The quartet had many things in common. Each was born in Liverpool, England, and as male childs they lived reasonably near to one another ( About the Beatles ) . Besides, three of the four had losingss that had a great impact on their lives before age 17. As the set became a defined, independent group, the four seemed to hold more and more in common with one another. John Winston Lennon, fundamentally known as the laminitis of the group, was born on October 9, 1940. His parents separated when he was merely four, and it was so that John was sent to populate with his Aunt Mimi in the Liverpool suburb of Woolton. John grew up half a niche higher than Paul, George, and Ringo in the category system ( Roylance, Quance, Craske, Milisec 7 ) . In order to go through clip, John frequently played with his friends at Strawberry Fields-a Victorian house converted into an orphanhood. Subsequently, this would function as the inspiration for the vocal Strawberry Fields. John had a unsmooth school history throughout, and as a male child he frequently thought, there is something incorrect with me because I seem to see things other people don t see ( Roylance, Quance, Craske, Milisec 8 ) . At age 16, he eventually found an involvement when his female parent taught him a few banjo chords. Soon after, his female parent was killed by a intoxicated off-duty police offi cer. In grudge, John turned to imbibing intoxicant in surplus. Mimi, in an attempt to comfort John, bought him a guitar. When he turned to his playing earnestly, Mimi told him that the guitar was alright for a avocation, John, but you ll neer make a life at it ( 11 ) . John s stone involvement was piqued when he heard Elvis Presley # 8217 ; s Heartbreak Hotel at art school in 1956. Soon John formed his ain set, the Quarry Men. James Paul McCartney was born on June 18, 1942. When Paul was immature, his household invariably moved due to his female parent s business as a accoucheuse. The household was frequently located in Arnold Grove. At age 13, his household moved little over a stat mi from John. Paul s resort area country normally consisted of the bombsites located near his place. As a kid he neer associated the rubric with bombardment ; it was considered synonymous with the word resort area ( Roylance, Quance, Craske, Milisec 17 ) . Paul s father taught him to play music by ear. To this twenty-four hours, Paul does non cognize how to read or compose music ( 18 ) . His male parent bought him a cornet for his birthday, but recognizing that he could non play the instrument and sing at the same clip, he asked to merchandise it in for a guitar. He was allowed to, and through this exchange he obtained a Zenith acoustic guitar which he still owns today. Less than a twelvemonth after traveling, when Paul was 14, his female parent died of chest malignant neoplastic disease. A few months subsequently, Paul was invited to travel with his friend to a small town festival. George Harrison was born on February 25, 1943. When he was immature, George s household moved to Speke ( on the outskirts of Liverpool ) . Looking back on his childhood, he says it was happy # 8230 ; with tonss of relations around ( Roylance, Quance, Craske, Milisec 26 ) . George was the lone Beatle whose childhood was unmarred by decease or divorce. He was besides the youngest ( George ) . George was foremost interested in the guitar when he listened to a record # 8211 ; Waiting for a Train # 8211 ; of his pa s. The first clip he remembers desiring a guitar was when he was ill and in the infirmary. His male parent bought him a guitar in 1956 from an art college friend. Equally far as musical instruction, George s father s friend taught him vocals and chords ( Roylance, Quance, Craske, Milisec 27 ) . As George s endowment became evident to others, he found himself mousing out of the house to play ( due to his immature age ) . When George met up with the Quarry Men, he filled in fo r the regular guitar player a few times. As a occupation aside from playing, he left school and became an learner lineman. This had been under his male parent s wants ( 31 ) . Ringo Starr was born Richard Starkey on July 7, 1940. His male parent, a baker, left when Richard was merely three old ages old. His male parent s forsaking forced Richard and his female parent to travel to a lower category place on Admiral Grove. His female parent held many assorted out-of-home occupations, such as being a barmaid, making nutrient store work, and other similar little occupations. When Richard was 13, she remarried ( Roylance, Quance, Craske, Milisec 33 ) . As he was turning up, his grandparents practically raised him. The dry portion of it was that they were his male parent s parents, non his female parent s. At the age of six, Richard s appendix explosion and he was rushed to the infirmary. His female parent was told by the physician three times that he would decease before forenoon. At age 12, he was ill in the infirmary once more. Due to these sick times, Richard succeeded in finishing merely five old ages of school. He didn T learn to read until age nine, and wh en he learned, it was phonetically. To this twenty-four hours, he can non spell letter-by-letter ( 34 ) . Similar to Paul, Richard besides passed his clip as a male child playing on bombsit Es. His involvement in membranophones was sparked at some point when he was in the infirmary. When he dreamed of having his ain set, he decided to do it a world, and saved up the money himself. Richard became Ringo while playing with a group called The Raving Texans. The first name, Ringo, came because of the rings he wore. The last name was chosen so that his membranophone solos could be labeled as Starr Time. John s gruop, the Quarry Men had come to be named so because of the Quarry Bank Grammar School most of the male childs had attended. The school had a slogan that said: Out of this stone you will happen the truth. ( Roylance, Quance, Craske, Milisec 12 ) . They were a skiffle set, to fit the skiffle fad that was enfolding the country. The set was playing a show at a small town festival when Paul met up with them. Paul had gone merely to pick up misss, non at all meaning to listen to the set ( Paul ) . After an debut to the set, nevertheless, he was convinced to travel wing and demo off a small of his workmanship on the guitar. John was impressed that Paul could tune a guitar ; Paul was impressed that John had a set. The Quarry Men were shocked to see that Paul could play and sing all the words to Twenty Flight Rock, which is what he ab initio played to them. Paul got phase fright the first clip he preformed a solo, and so he thought of ask foring his friend George Harrison into the se t. George played Raunchy for the group on top of an empty coach and, no inquiries asked, was in. He knew more chords on the guitar than all of the group combined. John had been playing a four_string guitar, non even cognizing a guitar should hold six strings, when George came into the set. After his entryway, all other members but McCartney, Lennon, Stuart Sutcliffe ( a bassist who was there fundamentally for expressions ) and he were kicked out. It was now that John and Stu came up with the name the Beatles. It was a testimonial to Buddy Holly s set, the Crickets. In order to play at certain nines, they were encouraged to alter the name. So, they called themselves the Silver Beatles. They went through a drummerless period, and Paul even took up the topographic point for awhile. Then, Pete Best, director of a local nine, started beating for them. This lasted a short period of clip, and, unimpressed with him, the others shortly fired him. Brian Epstein became the Beatles director in late 1961. Under him, they signed a recording contract and recruited Starr as their lasting drummer ( About the Beatles ) . They were sent away to Hamburg to play at assorted country nines. At these nines, the set played seven hours a dark for two solid months. The experience the Beatles gained from this was priceless. The male childs returned with phase experience and assurance ; they # 8217 ; vitamin D besides become tighter as friends. They had grown up. While in Hamburg, the male childs became harder, and so did their music. As The Compleat Beatles Tells, they came place from Hamburg improved in # 8220 ; technique, thought, and writing. # 8221 ; As the male childs progressed in celebrity, they took many hazards. One of these was their alteration in manner of music. Subsequently, they took a controversial bend when they ceased touring in 1966. The Beatles had many successes. Their first released individual, Love Me Do reached figure 17 on the Top 40 Chart. Please Please Me, their 2nd individual, went directly to figure one. Please Please Me ( the album ) stayed on top of the charts for 30 hebdomads ; it dropped off of the top place merely when Meet the Beatles, their 2nd album, was released. In February of 1964, the Beatles made an visual aspect on the Ed Sullivan Show. A record 73 million people watched the plan. Throughout their celebrity, the Beatles had 26 Top 40 Hits, 10s of these being figure 1s. They besides made seven figure one albums ( A Beatles History ) . A factor in the Beatles alteration of musical manner was their solid fiscal footing. They were virtually guaranteed gross revenues of more than a million with every album the released ( About the Beatles ) . Three of the four members had experienced traumatic losingss early in their lives. These cases had been suffered old ages before the male childs came together. As a group, nevertheless, there were losingss suffered jointly. In 1962, Stu Sutcliffe died. The group had been mobbed some months earlier and Stu had suffered a concern since. He had died of a encephalon bleeding ( The Compleat Beatles ) . Another loss the group suffered was that of Brian Epstein. He was discovered dead in a hotel room in 1967 ; the cause of decease had been a drug overdose. The first album in which the Beatles began to worsen perceptibly as a bonded group was The Beatles ( otherwise known as The White Album ) It was clear that the album was truly a aggregation of four solo creative persons alternatively of a corporate group ( A Beatles History ) . Ringo even quit the set for a clip. The force per unit areas of their public lives and turning outside involvements caused the male childs to see a discreteness organizing between them ( About the Beatles ) . In April of 1970, with Paul s foremost solo album released, it was clear that the Beatles no longer existed as a whole. Rumors of a reunion lived on until the hope of such a thing was shot down along with John Lennon when he was assassinated on December 8, 1940. The Beatles narrative is clearly an interesting 1. Full of many ups and downs, it tells of the many adversities and victory of stardom. The four members of this set were forged out of the same basic background, but were still four really independe nt people, as came out in the terminal. The Beatles bequest will populate on in the Black Marias and heads of people for many coevalss to come.

Solid 19th Century Classics with Modern Enthusiasm Symphony of the Mountains at ETSU, September 28, 2013

The concert on September 28th by the Symphony of the Mountains, at East Tennessee State University, featured a solidly classical program of pieces by Ludwig von Beethoven, Pablo De Sarasate, and Schubert . The performance group, under the direction of Sean Claire, is from the region, although they have interesting and varied international backgrounds .Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Solid 19th Century Classics with Modern Enthusiasm: Symphony of the Mountains at ETSU, September 28, 2013 specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The ensemble gave the music their all. They were patently highly skilled, and their performances were loving and enthusiastic, including no wrong notes or missed entrances (or, if they did, these were not noticeable to the untutored listener). It was an interesting matinee program at Mathes Auditorium, even for a listener for whom these particular pieces of music were not the most familiar. It wa s clear from themes and melodies contained in each piece that other composers, especially of film music and popular music, must have been inspired by this kind of music. The initial piece, Beethoven’s Sonata Number 5 in F, titled â€Å"Spring†, was performed by Emi Kagawa on piano and Sean Claire on violin. They somehow gave the impression of including many more instruments than these two. If a listener closed his or her eyes, it would at times seem that a whole ensemble was playing. This may be a reflection of the fact that both instruments can produce more than one note at once. It was a striking effect. The piece is programmatic in that the overall effect is of joy and growth rather than otherwise. The Scherzo movement, in particular, evokes the liveliness of young animals in springtime, whether lambs or colts, an image often associated with spring. Later in the concert, the same duo produced a lovely and hauntingly memorable melody, carried by the violin and backed with harmony by the piano. This seems very familiar, and it is this sense of dà ©jà   vu that suggests that other more recent composers have plundered this theme for their own use. The second melodic theme is clearly a dance tune, in what sounds like a waltz time signature. Again, the violin carries the melody, while the piano harmonizes along with this tripping, glancing melody.Advertising Looking for report on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More After correcting their tuning, the strings and piano performed movements that showcased the fireworks possible for the piano. In the first one, the piano thundered and crashed, rumbled and sang behind the strings, sometimes carrying the melodic line. There was, in spite of the drama of the piece and the volume of sound that the piano demonstrated, a fine balance between it and the strings. In the second movement, the piano sang the gentle and tender tune, in turn with the strings. This was contemplative music, tending The Schubert quintet filled out the program after the intermission, and called on the talents of not only Sean Claire but violinist Ilia Steinschneider, violist Gina Caldwell, and cellists Matt and Jeanine Wilkinson. This work was filled with variety, and ended with the lower strings sounding so richly human as to be spooky. It was not programmatic but It was tempting to read something into it, from the composer’s own life or events going on around him. Perhaps a personal evolution from quiet joy to more exuberant rejoicing would fit the bill. The program included a wide range of dynamics, from the very quiet and peaceful to the towering and emphatic. These 19th century classics hold up very well even for very modern listeners and these performers interpreted them individually and thoughtfully. It was a program that encouraged further listening to these composers and to music from this era and genre more generally. Reference Department of Music, East Tennessee State University. â€Å"The Symphony of the Mountains Chamber Ensemble†. (September 2013). Johnson City, Tennessee: Department of Music, East Tennessee State University, 2013. This report on Solid 19th Century Classics with Modern Enthusiasm: Symphony of the Mountains at ETSU, September 28, 2013 was written and submitted by user Kimberly Kent to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Free Essays on The Jungle By Upton Sinclair

The Jungle By Upton Sinclair "The Jungle" portrays the lower ranks of the industrial world as the scene of a naked struggle for survival. Where workers not only are forced to compete with each other but, if they falter, are hard pressed to keep starvation from their door and a roof over their heads. With unions weak and cheap labor plentiful, a social Darwinist state of "the survival of the fittest" exists. The real story revolves around the integration and eventual disintegration of Jurgis Rudkis and his family, Lithuanian immigrants who move to the Chicago stockyards in hopes of a better life. Unfortunately, their hopes quickly disintegrate; like thousands of other unskilled immigrants at the turn of the century, financial necessity forces them into virtual slave labor in order to survive. For Jurgis and his family, the slave master is the ruthless and greedy meat packing industry, whose leaders value their workers no more than the animals they slaughter. "The Jungle" shows the rel ationship between the animals that were being slaughtered and the workers who were slaughtering them, from very early in the novel. It compares the workers to the animals who are penned up and killed every day in the stockyards, which are moved along on conveyer belts by machinery that cares nothing for their individual desires. In the monotonous killing of each of the hogs, "They had done nothing to deserve it; and it was adding insult to injury, as the thing was done here, swinging them up in this cold blooded, impersonal way, without a pretense of apology without the homage of a tear."(Pg. 35) The key comparison is the condition of the workingmen; as cold, efficient machinery assimilates them, a blind fate swallows them up. A few of the men are even swallowed up literally when they would fall into huge vats and emerges as "Durham’s Pure Leaf Lard". (Pg. 99) "The Jungle" also shows precisely how wounded, diseased, and pregnant animals are turned into foo... Free Essays on The Jungle By Upton Sinclair Free Essays on The Jungle By Upton Sinclair The Jungle By Upton Sinclair "The Jungle" portrays the lower ranks of the industrial world as the scene of a naked struggle for survival. Where workers not only are forced to compete with each other but, if they falter, are hard pressed to keep starvation from their door and a roof over their heads. With unions weak and cheap labor plentiful, a social Darwinist state of "the survival of the fittest" exists. The real story revolves around the integration and eventual disintegration of Jurgis Rudkis and his family, Lithuanian immigrants who move to the Chicago stockyards in hopes of a better life. Unfortunately, their hopes quickly disintegrate; like thousands of other unskilled immigrants at the turn of the century, financial necessity forces them into virtual slave labor in order to survive. For Jurgis and his family, the slave master is the ruthless and greedy meat packing industry, whose leaders value their workers no more than the animals they slaughter. "The Jungle" shows the rel ationship between the animals that were being slaughtered and the workers who were slaughtering them, from very early in the novel. It compares the workers to the animals who are penned up and killed every day in the stockyards, which are moved along on conveyer belts by machinery that cares nothing for their individual desires. In the monotonous killing of each of the hogs, "They had done nothing to deserve it; and it was adding insult to injury, as the thing was done here, swinging them up in this cold blooded, impersonal way, without a pretense of apology without the homage of a tear."(Pg. 35) The key comparison is the condition of the workingmen; as cold, efficient machinery assimilates them, a blind fate swallows them up. A few of the men are even swallowed up literally when they would fall into huge vats and emerges as "Durham’s Pure Leaf Lard". (Pg. 99) "The Jungle" also shows precisely how wounded, diseased, and pregnant animals are turned into foo...

Cynodictis - Facts and Figures

Cynodictis - Facts and Figures Name: Cynodictis (Greek for in-between dog); pronounced SIGH-no-DIK-tiss Habitat: Plains of North America Historical Epoch: Late Eocene-Early Oligocene (37-28 million years ago) Size and Weight: About two feet long and 5-10 pounds Diet: Meat Distinguishing Characteristics: Long, narrow muzzle; low-slung body    About Cynodictis As has happened with so many other once-obscure prehistoric animals, Cynodictis owes its current popularity to its cameo appearances on the BBC series Walking with Beasts: in one episode, this early carnivore was shown chasing away a juvenile Indricotherium, and in another, it was a quick snack for a passing Ambulocetus (not a very convincing scenario, since this walking whale wasnt much bigger than its presumed prey!) Until recently, it was widely believed that Cynodictis was the first true canid, and thus lay at the root of 30 million years of dog evolution. Today, though, its relationship to modern dogs is more dubious: Cynodictis seems to have been a close relative of Amphicyon (better known as the Bear Dog), a type of carnivore that succeeded the giant creodonts of the Eocene epoch. Whatever its ultimate classification, Cynodictis certainly behaved like a proto-dog, chasing down small, furry prey on the boundless plains of North America (and possibly digging them out of shallow burrows as well).

LEACH protocol in Wireless Sensor Networks Research Paper - 1

LEACH protocol in Wireless Sensor Networks - Research Paper Example Low energy adaptive clustering hierarchy (LEACH) is a communications protocol that has overcome some of the limitations of various routing protocols on wireless sensor networks. It is mainly meant for wireless sensor networks where an end user intends to remotely monitor and control his/her environment. To achieve this, data obtained from various nodes is sent to a focal base station in the sensor networks; which enables the end user to access the network. Wireless sensor networks have found use in the economy of late and therefore the need to manage the energy constraints. Localization, fusion, and routing have been the areas of interests especially in dealing with the constraints of energy in the wireless sensor networks. Energy is determinant in the duration and lifetime of the system. Many studies and advancements have been carried out to solve energy management in various wireless sensor nodes. Cluster routing protocols have also been improved to increase energy management in WS Ns. It is undeniable that clustering is one of the most proven ways of prolonging the lifetime of networks for the wireless sensor networks which are energy constrained .The dissipation of energy in networks has been at the Centre stage for the effective functioning and lifetime of systems. Wireless distribution microsensor systems enable many networks found in the military and public domain. The dissipation of energy is therefore important in the wireless networks since it determines their effectiveness and reliability. The discussion in the below paper will analyze five reviewed academic journals to analyze the thesis statement that; the low energy adaptive clustering hierarchy protocol (LEACH) detects the faults on the network by transmitting and analyzing the periodical queries from the centralized node and increases the life span of the sensor nodes by

Bp solar manufacture of renewable energy technology Essay

Bp solar manufacture of renewable energy technology - Essay Example STRATEGIC DECISION TAKEN BY THE COMPANY: Strategic decisions are generally concerned with the overall policy or strategy of the organisation. These decisions are normally associated with relatively long term and involve high risk. At the same time the results related with strategic decisions are unpredictable and have huge influence on the stakeholders of the company (Ford, Sharfman, & Dean, 2008). The strategic decision taken by the BP Solar Global is to expand the operations of the business in new geographical markets. This will facilitate the company in the process of increasing the sales growth and market share. In this regard, BP Solar can enter into growing solar panel industry at UAE and Middle East. Company is already operating in different countries of six continents, namely Africa, Asia, Australia, Europe, North America, and South America. TACTICAL DECISION TAKEN BY THE COMPANY: Tactical decision are normally associated with medium term and are supported by considerable qua ntitative data and information. Apart from this, tactical decisions have relatively low amount of risk as compared to the strategic decisions (Keskin, Uster, & Cetinkaya, 2010). The tactical decision taken by the company is the implementation of the Total Quality Management and Lean Six Sigma in the next six months. This will enable the company to improve the quality of the overall process of production and manufacturing. This decision will help the company in the process of providing sustainable green energy to the consumers. Along with this, the implementation of the Total Quality Management and Lean Six Sigma will facilitates the organisation in the process of continuous improving the overall operations. OPERATIONAL DECISION TAKEN BY THE COMPANY: Operational decisions include the day to day basis routine activities and tasks. These are of the least complexity and low risk is associated with them. Apart from this the level of information required for these decisions is generally v ery low and these decisions are made on the basis of experiences (Xu & Birge, 2008). The operational decision taken by the company is to send some of the members of research and development department to a one month learning and training course. Being in the highly innovative industry it is necessary for BP Solar to keep on coming with different innovative products and solutions. This can be achieved by training and developing the research and development personnel. INFORMATION NEEDED FOR TAKING STRATEGIC DECISION: In order to decide for expanding into other geographical regions, company will be requiring different important information and data. The different set of information required for this strategic decision are: 1. Current market condition along with future growth potential 2. Current political and legal condition of the new geographical market Current Market Condition and Future Growth Potential: First of all the current condition of the new target market along with the fut ure growth potential will be required. According to the report of Datamonitor (2010), there is high potential in the renewable energy industry in United Arabs Emirates (UAE). Particularly, the industry of solar panels has been showing considerable growth. It is highly beneficial to enter into this region because of the unlimited supply of the sunlight (Datamonitor, 2010). Current Political and Legal Condition of

Scientific Method and Participant Observation Essay Example for Free

Scientific Method and Participant Observation Essay In the article, â€Å"Researching Dealers and Smugglers,† Patricia Adler discusses her and her husband’s experience using participant observation to collect data from drug dealers and the problems this qualitative method brought. A qualitative method focuses on collecting rich, non-statistical data. This method involves face-to-face interviews and actual participation with the group being researched. The Adlers use this method because it is almost impossible to gather accurate information on people who smuggle drugs. This is true because they are such private and deceitful people. The only way to get the real facts is if the smugglers trust the person. Unfortunately, participant observation brought problems such as the dealers and smugglers being under the influence or going through withdrawal during the interviews and the Adlers mixing their overt and covert roles. The Adlers chose participant observation because they found that using this method allowed them to acquire the most in-depth and rich data than any other method. If criminals like dealers and smugglers were given a survey, it would not work out because they are not just going to tell the truth and risk getting caught by the police. They are specific with who they give information to, so the Adlers had to show them that they could be trusted. They could not have done that with without using participant observation. Although there were many aspects about the Adlers that made them and the research method they used convenient, there were also some risks they had to take. While doing research, the Adlers encountered some problems using this method, one of which was interviewing the dealers and smugglers while they were under the influence of either marijuana or cocaine. In addition, the participants were sometimes withdrawal symptoms, so they were not able to interview properly. Patricia mentions how marijuana and cocaine had different effects on the interviewees. She states, â€Å"marijuana was unproductive for a number of reasons†¦ Often people became confused, sleepy, or involved in eating to varying degrees. ’ On the other hand, cocaine assisted the research procedure by making the dealers feel more comfortable. Cocaine also helped the dealers open up easily. During the interviews, some dealers experienced withdrawal symptoms. It caused them to become malicious with each other or towards the Alders without any warning. The way the Alders solved this problem was by taking precautions when interacting with the dealers. The cocaine use was not a problem for the Adlers, but they most likely dealt with the marijuana issue quite easily since Patricia does not specifically explain how it was solved. In addition, there was another problem the Adlers encountered. The Adlers also found that mixing the overt and covert roles with the members of the group throughout the investigation was another issue. Since the Adlers had different level relationships with every individual, some of the dealers were aware that they were a part of a research project while others were not aware. This sometimes confused the Adlers. Patricia states, â€Å"They [the informants] would made occasional veiled references in front of people, especially when loosened by intoxicants, that made us extremely uncomfortable. † This issue made the couple uncomfortable because they did not want to blow their cover. Patricia and Peter Adler also feared that the participants would think they are police. Peter and Patricia Adler solved this issue by take the necessary safety measures so anyone they did not want to find out. The Adlers encountered various problems while utilizing this qualitative method. They had troubles such as mixing their covert and overt roles and dealing with some of the smugglers and dealers being intoxicated. Therefore this investigation became very risky, but Patricia and her husband finalized by collecting all the data needed. The Adlers also resolved their problems in a cautious way utilizing patience, precaution, and rational and clever thinking. The couple definitely learned a lot throughout the experiment and got more than they anticipated going through it.

The Tragedy of Child Abuse and Neglect Essay -- Violence Against Child

Child abuse has been defined as, any intentional act that results in physical or emotional harm to a child. This could cover any behavior from assault, to neglect, to molestation. (Encarta 1) In 1995, a study was done by the National Center on Child Abuse & Neglect. They concluded that in the United States alone, approximately 3 million children are victims of some sort of maltreatment each year. This means that an unimaginable amount of our county’s adolescents are being seriously mistreated, and the numbers are rising steadily. While the specific definition of child abuse may differ from state to state, the effects unfortunately do not. Physical maltreatment, neglect and sexual abuse create immediate problems for children, as well as long term damage. Some common effects on sufferers of abuse include, a lowered sense of self worth, an inability to relate to others, short attention span and often they develop learning disorders. More detrimental cases can develop severe de pression or anxiety, schizophrenia, violent behavior and an increased risk of suicide. (Encarta 3) In some cases, abused children learn how to cope with their experiences and grow to healthy adults, but most are not that lucky. Most victims of abuse are forced to deal with the results for their entire lives. Physical abuse is one of the most common forms of child maltreatment. It can begin as soon as conception and includes any deliberate act of violence that is meant to injure or kill a child. (Encarta 1) Over 500,000 children are physically harmed each year. In 1991, 25% of American adults admitted to being beat by a parent or a caretaker in their youth and unfortunately the numbers have increased since then. (Shepard 305) ... ...ividual parent. In conclusion, Child abuse, without a doubt, causes permanent damage to the life of the victim. Whether it’s physical, sexual or neglect, the after effects will haunt them, and very possibly their future family as well. Child psychiatrist, B.F. Steele stated, â€Å"†¦we do believe that how we bring up out children has a most profound effect upon how our society is behaving and how we deal with each other as human beings.† (Kakar 6) This is an excellent point. If parents do not care for their children and show them the ways of life, how could they expect them to know any better, and more importantly, how could they expect them to pass on the knowledge to their own children? Parents, more than anyone, hold the key to shaping the ideals and minds of their children†¦ and until society gets that key fixed, the problems of child abuse will always remains.

Critical Summary of the Sunrising by John Donne Essay

The Sun Rising,† by John Donne, is a lyric poem about two lovers. The poem is divided into three stanzas, each ten lines long. The rhyme scheme in each stanza is ABBACDCDEE. This is a dramatic poem where the speaker and his lover are in bed together. The speaker personifies the sun, and is speaking to it throughout the poem. As the sunlight comes through the windows, the speaker tells the sun to leave them alone. He seems to feel that their life together is complete, and that the sun is being a nuisance. He then tells the sun that his lover is worth more than anything the sun can ever find outside their bedroom. The poet addresses the sun as a person and rebukes the sun because it has wakened him and his lover from their sleep. He demands to know why lovers should obey time. He addresses d sun as â€Å"busy old fool†. He calls it unruly bcoz by peeping into d bedroom through windows nd curtains it disturbs d lover. He also shows his dominance over the sun, calling it a ‘saucy pedantic wretch’ and tells the sun to bother other people instead such as late school boys or workers imploring or more time to sleep. He tells the sun to find the royal court people and farmers to let them start their day instead of controlling the lovers, because time does not exist in love and unlike season or climate or sun, love doesn’t change. Hours, days and months are just silly, useless measures. In dis section of d poem we come across colloquial expression like â€Å"busy old fool† nd â€Å"saucy pedantic wretch† such terms of contempt fitfully set d tone of d poem whic h is one of annoyance. The poet challenges the sun about its strength, that the sun isn’t is high and mighty. because he can make it disappear by winking, except he doesn’t wish to â€Å"lose her sight so long† He teases the sun that his lover’s eyes are so beautiful and bright that it can blind the sun. He tells he sun to go to far away countries like India or stay because the entire world is with him in the bed. The sun can also find kings but he and his lover are so superior that even the kings will say the most important people are in his room, ‘all here in one bed lay’. The poet claims that his lover is ‘all states’ and in fact the whole world itself and he is the ‘prince’ that rules it, nothing else exists other than them. They are the celebrity, and even other princes want to mimic them. He declares that honour and science are nothing compared to their love and that the sun is only â€Å"half as happy as we.† He says the sun is old and so it should rest because its duty is to warm the world and since they are the world, the sun has completed its duty. Then, the poet cleverly turns the sun’s refusal to leave into a show of its generosity and by shining at them, it has centered itself upon the room of his love and so they are the sun, the center of the universe. The last part of d poem reveals d poets wit, his mastery over d use of apt imagery nd conceits. At d begning of d poem d poet asked the sun to go away from dere . now he invites the sun to go round their bed nd shine on dem

Environmental Psychology Article Analysis Essay

The concept of environmental psychology is a new one which came into existence following the realization that there is always interplay between human behavior and the environments. In this regard, the term environment is broadly explained to include the natural surroundings, social surroundings, built surroundings, learning and information surroundings. Environmental psychology is a discipline that is committed to the development of a field that is both value and problem oriented giving priority to research that aims at providing a solution to the myriad environmental problems whenever one is pursuing individualistic welfare within the framework of the larger society. This paper shall give an analysis of an article regarding environmental psychology. Environmental Psychology: Environmental psychology is a discipline that deals with behavior in relation to the environment. This discipline focuses on the concepts that concern environment and the aesthetic preferences being presented in behavioral maps. According to Arkkelin and Veitch, (1995), environmental psychology has been defined as â€Å"a multidiscipline behavioral science, both basic and applied in orientation, whose foci are the systematic interrelationships between the physical and social environments and individual human behavior and experience† (p. 5). Environment in this regard becomes more ambiguous as the focus is on the interplay between people, behavior and their surroundings. Environmental psychology gains some ground given that human behavior is generated by interplay between the cyclical interaction of independent variables that include individuals and environment (Arkkelin and Veitch, 1995). Article Analysis: Social concerns in regard to the problems that are experienced in the real world is the driving force behind scientists’ involvement in environmental psychology issues (Rossman, 2009). One major problem that is facing humanity is associated with global warming that is threatening not only human existence but also any form of life on the earth. The article for analysis shall be ‘How to Spur Action on Global Warming’ written by Velasquez-Manoff in the year 2008 and published in the Christian Science monitor (Rossman, 2009). According to the article, the temperatures in the Arctic have been rising and even reached nine degrees higher during the fall of 2009 compared to the previous year. The article also reveals that the Arctic had recorded the warmest temperatures in the year 2008. It goes further to explain that emphasis should be placed on how to address the main problem of global warming as opposed to dwelling much on the cause of the problem. In trying to make individuals change behaviors, human activity is always blamed on the global warming problem and that the problem is said to be a moral issue. This has been found to be potentially counter-productive as individuals take it as criticism (Velasquez-Manoff, 2008). Velasquez-Manoff argues that programs where individuals are required to opt out so as to avoid taking part may be essential in changing behaviors. The opt-out programs employed in organ donation are found to be successful with a rating of between eighty and ninety per cent participation. When the individuals were asked to opt in for organ donation, success was only realized to up to 20% (Velasquez-Manoff, 2008). In a study on the energy usage by individuals, an energy meter was located on both the inside and outside, and there was found to be a reduction in the energy usage of individuals by up to 14% leading to a conclusion that when individuals are able to visualize the amount of energy that they utilize, then they are able to control the amount of energy that they use by reducing it (Velasquez-Manoff, 2008). Global Warming: The world today is faced by the global warming phenomenon which is described as the rising temperatures being experienced due to the emissions of the greenhouse gases. The greenhouse gases include the carbon dioxide, water vapor, nitrous oxide, and methane and they are responsible for trapping heat and light from the sun in the earth’s atmosphere which in turn increases the temperatures (National Geographic Society, (2010). Carbon dioxide is a non-toxic gas that is usually exhaled by animal’s and absorbed by plants and since the amount of the gas being released is so large, the gas is left in the atmosphere. According to Arkkelin and Veitch, â€Å"With increasing amounts of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, the balance between the incoming and outgoing radiation can be maintained only with an increase in surface and lower atmospheric temperatures† (Arkkelin and Veitch, 1995, page 184). The focus of environmental psychology is to devise a way in which people shall be motivated to change their behaviors so as to preserve the environment. In regard to global warming, the interest of the environmental psychologists is to find out the psychological changes that are due to the increasing temperatures. It has been argued that a higher temperature is associated with increasing levels of crime and violent behavior (Rossman, 2009). Rising temperatures are said to be causing irritability and aggressive behavior amongst individuals. Scientist in environmental psychology aim at improving the management of the environment which shall result into improved quality of life and psychological growth (Mathew, 2004). Actions that are aimed at stopping global warming leads to other benefits like preservation of nature, structural and community improvement as well increased environmental awareness. There are various actions that if adopted in the homes, will help in addressing the global warming problem. Such actions include making use of modern push mowers as opposed to gas-powered and electrical mowers that are rampant (Global Warming, 2008). The other ways of reducing global warming include using the below-ground pools instead of the above-ground pools which requires less heat. The use of the light emitting diode lights is also advisable as it not only uses less energy, it also has a long life span and provides more light compared to the conventional bulb (Global Warming, 2008). Conclusion: Global warming is a serious problem that needs to be addressed promptly. To think of the problem in terms of the amount of greenhouse emissions in the atmosphere provides a scenario in which problem appears to be overwhelming to the human race. However, as the old Chinese saying goes that a journey of a thousand miles starts with simple steps; the global warming problem can be addressed through initiation of simple practical solutions such as wearing a pullover instead of turning up the heat. People need to be environmentally conscious and this should be reflected in the effort they make to preserve the environment for this and the next generation. Sustainability of the environment is crucial for the survival of humanity and the general life found on earth. Environmental psychology is therefore important in addressing environmental issues by providing practical solutions to address the environmental challenges as most of the problems are as a result of human interaction with the environment. Reference: Fisher, J. J. , (2007). What is Environmental Psychology? Retrieved on 19th August 2010 from; http://environmentpsychology. com/environmental_psychology. htm. Global Warming. (2008). Global Warming – Climate Change. Retrieved on 19th August 2010 from; http://www. warmingglobal. org/ Matthew, V. G. , (2004). Environmental Psychology. Retrieved on 19th August 2010 from; http://www. psychology4all. com/environmentalpsychology. htm National Geographic Society, (2010). What Is Global Warming? Retrieved on 19th August 2010 from; http://environment. nationalgeographic. com/environment/global-warming/gw overview. html. Rossman, J. (2009). Environmental Psychology Article Analysis. Retrieved on 19th August 2010 from; http://www. associatedcontent. com/article/1928210/environmental_psychology_article_analysis. html. Veitch, R. , & Arkkelin, D. , (1995). Environmental Psychology: An Interdisciplinary Perspective. Pearson Education Company. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey. Prentice-Hall, Inc. Velasquez-Manoff, M. , (2008). How to Spur Action on Global Warming. Christian Science Monitor. 100(240). Pp, 13-14.

Marcus Aurelius Antoninus essays

Marcus Aurelius Antoninus essays Marcus Aurelius Antoninus is recognized as one of the greatest emperors in Roman history; also being a part among the "Five Good Emperors." Marcus ruled the empire from 161 to 180 AD. (Parks) As a highly intelligent man, he stands out as one of the greatest intellectual rulers in Western Civilization. Marcus was impressed with a firm desire for peace that manifested itself in his philosophical writings, but he was also a great military leader. In Rome on April 26, 121, Marcus was born and raised in a wealthy and politically important family. Emperor Hadrian noticed him while he was still a child and was therefore given special educational privileges. At the age of six Marcus was enrolled in the Equestrians and the next year he was given special permission to attend the priestly college of the Salii in Rome. At Salii Marcus was taught by the greatest thinkers of his time, representing a vast selection of cultures. At first Marcus still continued to receive help from emperors, but later assistance would come in the form of his development in political power. Marcus was then adopted by Antoninus Pius, the chosen successor of the throne, and was given the political positions under him. Marcus married the daughter of Pius, Annia Galaria Faustinaz, to further strengthen his appointment as the successor. Until Pius died Marcus would go on to play a major role in government under his father-in-law. On March 7, 161, Marcus was crowned emperor and so began a reign characterized by war, disaster, and intellectual thought. There were three great external conflicts which marked his rule, and Marcus dealt with all of them efficiently. He dealt with a great plague that swept the whole empire, won a victory for the empire in 163 against the Parthians when they had invaded Armenia, and he successfully pushed barbarians off Roman soil in the Marcomannic Wars. Due to the extensive military campaigning being forced upon the empire, internal probl...

Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives

Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives Kareem Canty    Introduction The Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (ATF) is an agency within the United States Department of Justice. The Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives protects American citizens from dangerous and illegal activities involving, as its name suggest, alcohol, tobacco, firearms and explosives.â€Å" The mission of The Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives is to conduct criminal investigations, regulate the firearms and explosives industries, and assist other law enforcement agencies. This work is undertaken to prevent terrorism, reduce violent crime and to protect the public in a manner that is faithful to the Constitution and the laws of the United States (The Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives). Though The Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives is a law enforcement agency one of the primary responsibilities is tax collection. The Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives i s responsible for taxes on alcohol, tobacco, ammunition, and firearms. The Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives is an important agency protecting Americans. History of the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives The Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives has been the sole agency responsible for regulation and taxation of the above mention categories since July 1 st 1972. However, some of the duties of The Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives have existed in some form in the United States since 1789. Initially, these activities were performed by the Department of Treasury. On July 1 st 1862, the Office of Internal Revenue was founded. This new agency was now responsible for all taxes, including those on alcohol and tobacco. The Office of Internal Revenue included enforcement agents to pursue those who evaded taxes. In 1919, the Volstead Prohibition Enforcement Act and the Eighteenth Amendment to the Constitution made it illegal to produce or transport alcohol. Enforcement of these policies fell on the Office of Internal Revenue. In 1920, the Prohibition Unit was created. This agency was made up of the agents focusing on liquor laws. On April 1 st , 1927 the Prohibition Unit officially became a bureau under the Treasury Department. Congress established a new Bureau of Prohibition under the Department of Justice in 1930. This new bureau was now responsible for enforcing Prohibition. Then, the Treasury Department was still responsible for the tax and regulations associated with Prohibition, under the new Bureau of Industrial Alcohol. In December 1933, the Twenty First Amendment to the Constitution ended Prohibition. Shortly after, President Roosevelt created, via executive order, the Federal Alcohol Control Administration to regulate the newly legal industry. This agency was replaced in less than two years by the Federal Alcohol Administration (FAA). The FAA was founded as part of the Treasury Department, wh o was again responsible for supervising the alcohol industry. In 1934 the Alcohol Tax Unit was founded as part of the Bureau Of Internal Revenue. The FAA combined with the Alcohol Tax Unit. Prohibition, though over, resulted in a lasting culture of organized crime. Due to the violence resulting from organized crime, the National Firearms Act was passed in 1934 and the Federal Firearms Act passed in 1938. These Acts regulated firearms, largely via taxes. In 1942, the enforcement capacity of firearm regulation was entrusted to the Alcohol Tax Unit. Around this time, the ATU became known as the Alcohol Tax Division until the 1968 Gun Control Act. With this act, the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives was now responsible for additional substances, including explosives. In July 1972, the Treasury Department Order NO.120-1 officially shifted all activities involving alcohol, tobacco, firearms, and explosives from the Internal Revenue Services to the Bureau of Alcohol, Toba cco, Firearms and Explosives After over one hundred years of restructuring, The Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives has finally achieved stability in its structure and its duties. One major change the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives has undergone was its adoption of anti- arson enforcement. In 1982, congress amended the original legislation that outlines the duties of the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives to include arson. Since the 1970s the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives has grown both its budget and its staff. The Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives has added over a thousand employee positions. Since 1973, the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives budget has increased from $74 million to $1.07 billion (The Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives).

Homework II Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Homework II - Essay Example It is the hope of this author that such a unit of analysis will be beneficial to the individual with regards to seeking to understand the changes that the Affordable Health Care Act portends for the daily life and economic situation of the reader/stakeholder within society. Firstly, it must be understood that the federal agency tasked with ultimate implementation of this law is that of the Health and Human Services Department of the United States federal government. As such, this department has received a vastly increased budget as well as an increase in positions of individuals who will be responsible for the distribution and oversight of the Affordable Health Care Act. Ultimately the Health and Human Services Department is a cabinet level office that is tasked with seeking to impact upon â€Å"Improving the health, safety, and well-being of America† (Graham 1). As such, the docket number and RIN for the Affordable Healthcare Act is as follows: 0938-AR51. ... This is intended to be effected by mandating that the individual should integrate with at least some level of healthcare for themselves and for those within their family. Moreover, the Affordable Health Care Act also proposed a reconfiguration of the way in which the insurance industry within the United States sought to deal with â€Å"pre-existing conditions†; a hardship that formerly saw many tens of thousands of individuals denied coverage (Pipes 1). Finally, with regards to an overall summary concerning the basic interests for and against the legislation, it must be understood that the Affordable Health Care Act does not solve the issue of the uninsured within society. Due to exceptions and the possibility of â€Å"opting out† the uninsured can still exist; however, they will now be responsible for paying a yearly penalty for remaining uninsured. Another key shortcoming with regards to the proposed law is the fact that individual small business owners within society who might have otherwise continued to add jobs and higher more individuals since the economy has started to come back to life, are now hesitant to engage in any such action due to the fact that the healthcare bills that small firms will be saddled with, on the part of their employees, will be exorbitantly high (Avik 16). This is of course compared to the way in which healthcare costs were evidenced prior to the legislation being proposed and/or taking place. However, with regards the ultimate benefit and interest to society, it must be understood that the Affordable Health Care Act allows for a great reduction in the overall number of individuals who would have gone uninsured otherwise. By providing an incentive to become insured in reducing the overall level of obstacles that it formerly